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Preparation of Standard 0.1 M Oxalic Acid Solution

Experiment video

What you will learn

Prepare 250 mL of standard 0.1 M primary standard solution of hydrated Oxalic Acid [(COOH)2·2H2O] using an analytical balance and volumetric flask.

Materials needed

Hydrated Oxalic Acid crystals [(COOH)2·2H2O, M.W. = 126.07 g/mol] bottle
Hydrated Oxalic Acid crystals [(COOH)2·2H2O, M.W. = 126.07 g/mol] bottle
₹50
What is it?
Oxalic Acid Dihydrate [(COOH)2·2H2O] certified primary standard crystals.
Specifications
Purity
≥ 99.9% Primary Standard grade
Molecular Weight
126.06 g/mol
Heavy Metals (Pb)
< 0.0005%
Chloride (Cl)
< 0.0005%
Digital Analytical Balance (precision 0.001 g)
Digital Analytical Balance (precision 0.001 g)
₹95
What is it?
Class A volumetric measuring flask with ground glass penny-head stopper.
Specifications
Capacity
250.00 mL
Tolerance
± 0.15 mL (Class A, ISO 1042)
Calibration Temperature
20 °C
Material
Borosilicate glass 3.3
Volumetric Measuring Flask (250 mL with glass stopper)
Volumetric Measuring Flask (250 mL with glass stopper)
₹140
What is it?
Analytical precision electronic dual-range balance with draft shield chamber.
Specifications
Capacity
220 grams
Readability
0.0001 g (0.1 mg)
Repeatability
± 0.1 mg
Calibration
Internal motorized motorized weight
Clean Dry Watch Glass & Spatula
Clean Dry Watch Glass & Spatula
₹185
What is it?
Standard laboratory apparatus used in Preparation of Standard 0.1 M Oxalic Acid Solution.
Specifications
Category
Chemistry Apparatus
Grade
CBSE / NEP 2020 Laboratory Standard
Glass Funnel and Stirring Rod
Glass Funnel and Stirring Rod
₹230
What is it?
Standard laboratory apparatus used in Preparation of Standard 0.1 M Oxalic Acid Solution.
Specifications
Category
Chemistry Apparatus
Grade
CBSE / NEP 2020 Laboratory Standard
Wash bottle with double-distilled water
Wash bottle with double-distilled water
₹275
What is it?
Standard laboratory apparatus used in Preparation of Standard 0.1 M Oxalic Acid Solution.
Specifications
Category
Chemistry Apparatus
Grade
CBSE / NEP 2020 Laboratory Standard
Beaker (100 mL)
Beaker (100 mL)
₹320
What is it?
Standard laboratory apparatus used in Preparation of Standard 0.1 M Oxalic Acid Solution.
Specifications
Category
Chemistry Apparatus
Grade
CBSE / NEP 2020 Laboratory Standard

Tick items as you collect them. Tap + to see the product, specifications and buy options.

Stay safe

Do not touch chemical crystals or weighing balance pan with bare hands.
Ensure all transfers are quantitative: wash funnel and beaker walls thoroughly into the flask.
Avoid overshooting the graduation mark; if overfilled, the standard solution must be discarded and remade.
Oxalic acid is a toxic organic acid; avoid skin contact and wash spills immediately.

Steps

0 of 7 steps done

1Calculate mass required: Mass = Molarity × Molar Mass × Volume (L) = 0.1 × 126.07 × 0.250 = 3.151 g.
Observation
Clean 4-decimal analytical balance pan; place watch glass and tare to 0.0000 g reading.
Safety
Always use camel hair brush to remove any stray crystal dust from balance pan.
2Weigh a clean, dry watch glass on the digital balance and tare to 0.000 g.
Observation
Weigh out exactly 3.1515 g of translucent prismatic oxalic acid crystals using a clean bone spatula.
Safety
Keep draft shields of analytical balance closed during final reading.
3Carefully weigh out exactly 3.151 g of pure oxalic acid crystals using a dry spatula.
Observation
Transfer crystals quantitatively into 250 mL beaker via clean glass funnel; wash watch glass with jet of distilled water.
Safety
Oxalic acid is poisonous and irritating to skin; do not breathe chemical dust.
4Transfer crystals into a 100 mL beaker through a glass funnel. Rinse the watch glass with distilled water into the beaker.
Observation
Dissolve completely in about 100 mL of warm distilled water using a glass stirring rod.
Safety
Do not heat above 40°C to prevent thermal decomposition of oxalic acid.
5Add ~50 mL distilled water to the beaker and stir with a glass rod until crystals dissolve completely.
Observation
Pour into 250 mL volumetric flask; add washings; add distilled water until bottom of meniscus reaches calibrated mark.
Safety
Add final few drops using a Pasteur pipette to avoid overshooting graduation ring.
6Transfer solution quantitatively into the 250 mL volumetric flask using the funnel and rinse beaker 3 times.
Observation
Insert ground glass stopper; invert flask 15 times for complete uniform mixing.
Safety
Store prepared standard solution in clearly labelled glass stoppered bottle.
7Make up the volume with distilled water dropwise until the lower meniscus touches the 250 mL graduation mark, stopper and invert 10 times to homogenize.

Tap + on a step to see what you will observe and any safety tips.

Record your observations

Weighing Step	Observed Mass (grams)	Tare / Net State	Resulting Solution Property
Mass of clean dry watch glass	15.4220 g	Tare baseline	Clean dry glass
Mass of watch glass + Oxalic acid crystals	18.5735 g	Gross mass	Hydrated crystals (H2C2O4·2H2O)
Net mass of transferred Oxalic acid	3.1515 g	Net exact weight	Stoichiometric accuracy (0.1000 M)
Final volumetric solution volume	250.00 mL	Meniscus at mark	Primary standard solution ready

Tap a highlighted cell to write your own observation.

Result and conclusion

Successfully weighed exactly 3.151 g of oxalic acid crystals and prepared 250.0 mL of standard 0.100 M primary solution for analytical titrations.

Mass of Oxalic Acid required for 250 mL 0.1 M: w = (M · M_w · V) / 1000 = (0.100 × 126.06 × 250) / 1000 = 3.1515 g

Observation	What it means
Primary Standard Criteria	Hydrated oxalic acid crystals (H2C2O4·2H2O, Mw = 126.06 g/mol) have definite composition, high purity (>99.9%), and do not deliquesce.
Weighing Accuracy	Weighing exactly 3.1515 g on an analytical balance ensures true 0.1000 M concentration without standardization.
Complete Quantitative Transfer	Washing the funnel with distilled water wash bottle guarantees zero loss of crystals on funnel surfaces.
Homogeneous Mixing	Inverting the volumetric flask 15 times with stopper firmly seated ensures complete density uniformity throughout the solution.

Concentration vs Density of Aqueous Oxalic Acid Solutions at 20°C

Sample readings. Replace with your own results.

Experiment photos

Before the experimentDuring the experimentResult